Difference between revisions of "Puwera"

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{{CloughReport|summary=Excavation of a habitation site (and a subsidiary site) south of Whangarei.}}
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{{CloughReport|summary=Excavation of three prehistoric Maori sites, south of Whangarei.}}
  
  
 
==Location==
 
==Location==
 +
[[Image:Purewa_001.jpg|right|400px]]
 
South of Whangarei<br>
 
South of Whangarei<br>
 
Excavation carried out in February 2008 as a joint project between Clough & Associates Ltd and the Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland Field School.
 
Excavation carried out in February 2008 as a joint project between Clough & Associates Ltd and the Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland Field School.
−
[[Image:Purewa_001.jpg|right|400px]]
+
Excavations on behalf of Whangarei District Council.
  
 
==Summary of Results==
 
==Summary of Results==
 
The Ngako valley head is thus a small discrete archaeological landscape, containing the physical remains of a prehistoric social/political system. If, as seems likely, there was no pa on the adjacent Mt. Tikorangi, then this is not a satellite settlement, but rather a system in its own right, although probably associated with a larger stronghold some distance away in the surrounding region to which the population could retreat in times of large scale warfare.<br>
 
The Ngako valley head is thus a small discrete archaeological landscape, containing the physical remains of a prehistoric social/political system. If, as seems likely, there was no pa on the adjacent Mt. Tikorangi, then this is not a satellite settlement, but rather a system in its own right, although probably associated with a larger stronghold some distance away in the surrounding region to which the population could retreat in times of large scale warfare.<br>
  
−
The original archaeological survey by [[SimonBest|Simon Best]] located at least 14 prehistoric sites in the watershed, and it is certain that more are present, which have either been missed or have no visible surface detail. Caches of agricultural tools in the swamps are likely to be in the latter category. The sites cover a range of types, from a small pa to single pits and/or terraces. The topography of the area has resulted in the larger complexes being on the knolls on the west and north slopes of the valley head, with the sites spread along the more gentle north-facing slope south of the Ngako in general being much smaller. Of the latter however site QO7/1101 however is extensive, and is also the central site on the south side. This may be the equivalent to 1 of the more discrete ridge sites on the north side, with the smaller sites around it at some distance due to the topography.<br>
+
The original archaeological survey by [[Best Simon|Simon Best]] located at least 14 prehistoric sites in the watershed, and it is certain that more are present, which have either been missed or have no visible surface detail. Caches of agricultural tools in the swamps are likely to be in the latter category. The sites cover a range of types, from a small pa to single pits and/or terraces. The topography of the area has resulted in the larger complexes being on the knolls on the west and north slopes of the valley head, with the sites spread along the more gentle north-facing slope south of the Ngako in general being much smaller. Of the latter however site QO7/1101 however is extensive, and is also the central site on the south side. This may be the equivalent to 1 of the more discrete ridge sites on the north side, with the smaller sites around it at some distance due to the topography.<br>
  
−
See the Introductory Video by [TurnerMarianne|Dr Marianne Turner]]:  
+
See the [[Media:Purewa.wmv|Introductory Video]] (Windows only) by [[TurnerMarianne|Dr Marianne Turner]]:  
  
 
Excavation of Q07/1092 revealed a number of large storage pits, smaller pits, possible house terraces.
 
Excavation of Q07/1092 revealed a number of large storage pits, smaller pits, possible house terraces.
−
The storage pits include a long skinny pit - approximately 9m x 2.5m - along with other wider pits. Drains around the edges of the pits are visible with central lines of postholes.
+
The storage pits include a long skinny pit - approximately 9m x 2.5m - along with other wider pits. Drains around the edges of the pits are visible with central lines of postholes. View a [[Media:Puwera_rod1.wmv|video of results]] (Windows only) of the excavations here by Dr Rod Clough.  [[Media:Puwera_pits.wmv|Raylene]] (Windows only) and [[Media:Puwera_AreaA.wmv|Everett]] (Windows only) provide further commentary on various areas of the excavation.
 +
 
 +
Below Q07/1092 a house floor was excavated by Rod Wallace and artefacts recovered from here included a greenstone chisel and some adzes. An area of midden was excavated to the north of the house. Dr Rod Wallace describes the house excavation ([[Media:Puwera_1091a.wmv|Part 1]] and [[Media:Puwera_1091b.wmv|Part 2]]) (Windows only).
 +
 
 +
On the neighbouring ridge, Q07/1103 was excavated to reveal an area of more kumara pits on top of a spur with views across to Portland and the Whangarei Harbour. Firescoops were found in the upper levels of the fill. [[Media:Puwera1103.wmv|Dr Marianne Turner describes the results]] (Windows only) of the excavation.
 +
 
 +
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
 +
Image:Puwera_week1plan.png|Week 1 Plan
 
Image:Purewa_003.jpg|Feature 1
 
Image:Purewa_003.jpg|Feature 1
 
Image:Purewa_004.jpg|Feature 2
 
Image:Purewa_004.jpg|Feature 2
 +
Image:Puwera_water.jpg|Emptying pits of water
 +
Image:PuweraAreaA.jpg|Area A - 1092
 +
Image:Puwera_005.jpg|Surveying at Puwera
 +
Image:Puwera_006.jpg|Feature 55 - 1092
 +
Image:Puwera_007.jpg|Excavations at Puwera
 +
Image:Puwera_008.jpg|Class at Puwera Campsite
 +
Image:Puwera_009.jpg|Excavations at Puwera
 +
Image:Puwera_014.jpg|Excavations at Q07/1103
 +
Image:Puwera_010.jpg|Excavators at Field School
 +
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 
----
 
----
−
==Research Strategy==
 
−
The archaeological investigations aims to:
 
−
* Establish the full extent of the surviving archaeological remains of sites Q05/1091, 1092 and 1103. 
 
−
* Gain additional information regarding the functional nature of occupation on the basis of structural remains and evidence of lifestyle revealed by associated artefacts and analysis of midden deposits.
 
−
* Retrieve all possible information relating to the environmental context of the site(s) and the age of the deposits
 
−
* Retrieve samples for phytolith analysis to investigate the presence of early agriculture.
 
−
* Integrate the information recovered from the investigation with the results of earlier investigations in the Whangarei area.
 
−
* Add to existing knowledge of the material remains/artefact assemblages of recorded settlement sites in the Whangarei area.
 
−
* Produce a study of the archaeology of the pre-European settlement of the Ngako Creek area of Whangarei set in the broader regional context
 
  
 +
 +
==Aerial Photographs==
 +
Matt Watson of [http://www.scantec.co.nz Scantec Ltd] dropped by to take photographs of the excavations using a remote control plane. View some of the results below and [[Media:Puwera_aerial.wmv|view video]] showing some details of the flights.
 +
<gallery>
 +
Image:Q07-1092aerial.jpg|Aerial view of Q07/1092
 +
Image:Puwera_011.jpg|Aerial view of Q07/1103
 +
Image:Puwera_013.jpg|Remote control plane
 +
</gallery>
 +
----
  
 
==Archaeologists==
 
==Archaeologists==
 
===Directors===
 
===Directors===
 
*[[RodClough|Rod Clough]]
 
*[[RodClough|Rod Clough]]
−
*[[TurnerMarianne|Marianne Turner]]
+
*[[Turner Marianne|Marianne Turner]]
−
*[[SimonBest|Simon Best]]
+
*[[Best Simon|Simon Best]], ''Simon The Elder''
  
 
===Supervisors===
 
===Supervisors===
 
Clough:
 
Clough:
−
*[[PlowmanMica|Mica Plowman]]
+
*[[Plowman Mica|Mica Plowman]]
−
*[[BicklerSimon|Simon Bickler]]
+
*[[Bickler Simon|Simon Bickler]], ''Simon The Younger''
  
 
University of Auckland:
 
University of Auckland:
−
*[[WallaceRod|Rod Wallace]]
+
*[[Wallace Rod|Rod Wallace]]
−
 
+
*[[Reihana-RukaRaylene|Raylene Reihana-Ruka]], Tutor
−
* Raylene, Tutor
 
  
−
Other:
+
Survey Team:
−
* Ben
+
* [[Thorne Ben|Ben Thorne]]
−
* Colin
+
* [[Sutherland Colin|Colin Sutherland]]
  
 
===Students/Volunteers===
 
===Students/Volunteers===
  
 
[[Image:Purewa_002.jpg|center|400px]]
 
[[Image:Purewa_002.jpg|center|400px]]
 +
 
==Artefacts==
 
==Artefacts==
−
Artefacts recovered include [[:Category:Obsidian|obsidian]] flakes, a small [[:Category:Greenstone|greenstone]] chisel, a reworked [[:Category:Adzes|adze]].
+
Artefacts recovered include [[:Category:Obsidian|obsidian]] flakes, a small [[:Category:Greenstone|greenstone]] chisel, and three [[:Category:Adzes|adzes]].
−
 
+
<gallery>
 +
Image:Puwera_artefact_75.jpg|Adze from Q07/1092
 +
Image:Puwera_artefact_39.jpg|Greenstone chisel from Q07/1091
 +
Image:Puwera_artefact_134.jpg|Adze from Q07/1091
 +
Image:Puwera_artefact_141.jpg|Adze from Q07/1091
 +
</gallery>
  
 
==Chronology==
 
==Chronology==
 
Not yet known.
 
Not yet known.
  
 +
==Video Gallery==
 +
(Windows only)
 +
* [[Media:Purewa.wmv|Introductory Video with Dr Marianne Turner]]
 +
* [[Media:Puwera_rod1.wmv|Q07/1092 with Dr Rod Clough]]
 +
* [[Media:Puwera_pits.wmv|Q07/1092 Kumara Pits with Raylene Reihana-Ruka]]
 +
* [[Media:Puwera_AreaA.wmv|Q07/1092 Area A with Everett Johnson]]
 +
* [[Media:Puwera_1091a.wmv|Q07/1091 with Dr Rod Wallace (Part 1)]]
 +
* [[Media:Puwera_1091b.wmv|Q07/1091 with Dr Rod Wallace (Part 2)]]
 +
* [[Media:Puwera1103.wmv|Q07/1103 with Dr Marianne Turner]]
 +
* [[Media:Puwera_aerial.wmv|Aerial Photography with Matt Watson]]
 
----
 
----
 
[[Category:Excavations]]
 
[[Category:Excavations]]
Line 68: Line 101:
 
[[Category:FieldSchools]]
 
[[Category:FieldSchools]]
 
[[Category:UniversityofAuckland]]
 
[[Category:UniversityofAuckland]]
 +
[[Category:Whangarei]]
 +
[[Category:Northland]]

Latest revision as of 20:46, 26 February 2017

Cloughlogo.jpg

Excavation of three prehistoric Maori sites, south of Whangarei.


Location

Purewa 001.jpg

South of Whangarei
Excavation carried out in February 2008 as a joint project between Clough & Associates Ltd and the Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland Field School. Excavations on behalf of Whangarei District Council.

Summary of Results

The Ngako valley head is thus a small discrete archaeological landscape, containing the physical remains of a prehistoric social/political system. If, as seems likely, there was no pa on the adjacent Mt. Tikorangi, then this is not a satellite settlement, but rather a system in its own right, although probably associated with a larger stronghold some distance away in the surrounding region to which the population could retreat in times of large scale warfare.

The original archaeological survey by Simon Best located at least 14 prehistoric sites in the watershed, and it is certain that more are present, which have either been missed or have no visible surface detail. Caches of agricultural tools in the swamps are likely to be in the latter category. The sites cover a range of types, from a small pa to single pits and/or terraces. The topography of the area has resulted in the larger complexes being on the knolls on the west and north slopes of the valley head, with the sites spread along the more gentle north-facing slope south of the Ngako in general being much smaller. Of the latter however site QO7/1101 however is extensive, and is also the central site on the south side. This may be the equivalent to 1 of the more discrete ridge sites on the north side, with the smaller sites around it at some distance due to the topography.

See the Introductory Video (Windows only) by Dr Marianne Turner:

Excavation of Q07/1092 revealed a number of large storage pits, smaller pits, possible house terraces. The storage pits include a long skinny pit - approximately 9m x 2.5m - along with other wider pits. Drains around the edges of the pits are visible with central lines of postholes. View a video of results (Windows only) of the excavations here by Dr Rod Clough. Raylene (Windows only) and Everett (Windows only) provide further commentary on various areas of the excavation.

Below Q07/1092 a house floor was excavated by Rod Wallace and artefacts recovered from here included a greenstone chisel and some adzes. An area of midden was excavated to the north of the house. Dr Rod Wallace describes the house excavation (Part 1 and Part 2) (Windows only).

On the neighbouring ridge, Q07/1103 was excavated to reveal an area of more kumara pits on top of a spur with views across to Portland and the Whangarei Harbour. Firescoops were found in the upper levels of the fill. Dr Marianne Turner describes the results (Windows only) of the excavation.

Photo Gallery

  • Week 1 Plan

  • Feature 1

  • Feature 2

  • Emptying pits of water

  • Area A - 1092

  • Surveying at Puwera

  • Feature 55 - 1092

  • Excavations at Puwera

  • Class at Puwera Campsite

  • Excavations at Puwera

  • Excavations at Q07/1103

  • Excavators at Field School


Aerial Photographs

Matt Watson of Scantec Ltd dropped by to take photographs of the excavations using a remote control plane. View some of the results below and view video showing some details of the flights.

  • Aerial view of Q07/1092

  • Aerial view of Q07/1103

  • Remote control plane

Archaeologists

Directors

Supervisors

Clough:

University of Auckland:

Survey Team:

Students/Volunteers

Purewa 002.jpg

Artefacts

Artefacts recovered include obsidian flakes, a small greenstone chisel, and three adzes.

  • Adze from Q07/1092

  • Greenstone chisel from Q07/1091

  • Adze from Q07/1091

  • Adze from Q07/1091

Chronology

Not yet known.

Video Gallery

(Windows only)

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